Computer guided surgery in the maxillary esthetic zone / Cirurgia guiada por computador em área estética da maxila

ABSTRACT This clinical report describes the implant rehabilitation for the treatment of pathological roots resorption due to inadequate orthodontic movement in prosthetic space reduced by means of load and immediate implants, computer-guided surgery and use of the own tooth crown in a 21-year-old-patient. The atraumatic exodontics of the right and left upper lateral incisors was performed, and then immediate placement of osseointegrated implants using the computer guided surgery technique. The crown teeth itself was used in the immediate aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. Completion of the treatment resulted in a functional and aesthetic successful outcome and a 27 months follow-up presented uneventful. The procedures included in this complex rehabilitation treatment in the esthetic zone were appropriate and essential for the maintenance of the soft and hard tissues contour and thickness ensuring the excellence in rehabilitation.

RESUMO Este relato de caso clínico descreve a reabilitação com implantes para o tratamento da reabsorção radicular patológica devido à movimentação ortodôntica inadequada em espaço protético reduzido, por meio implante imediato e carga imediata, pela técnica da cirurgia guiada por computador e uso da própria coroa dentária, em paciente de 21 anos. A exodontia atraumática dos incisivos laterais superiores direito e esquerdo foi realizada, em seguida realizou-se a instalação imediata dos implantes osseointegráveis, utilizando a técnica de cirurgia guiada por computador. Os próprios dentes da coroa foram usados na reabilitação estética e funcional imediata. A conclusão do tratamento resultou em sucesso funcional e estético com acompanhamento de 27 meses sem intercorrências. Os procedimentos incluídos neste complexo tratamento de reabilitação na zona estética foram adequados e essenciais para a manutenção do contorno e espessura dos tecidos moles e duros garantindo a excelência na reabilitação.

Oral Rehabilitation With Dental Implants and the Importance of a Preventive Evaluation for Osteonecrosis of the Jaws Associated With Medications.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a possible oral complication resulting from antiresorptive therapies, such as bisphosphonates (Bfs). Although the etiology is not entirely clear, it has been shown to be dependent on several factors, with the traumatic stimulation caused by the placement of teeth implants indicated as one of the predisposing factors to this pathology. The indications and preventive methods for performing these procedures have been questioned, making it essential to determine the proper protocols. Thus, the present study aims to discuss the risks of the development of osteonecrosis in patients undergoing dental implant surgery who use Bfs as well as to discuss related local and systemic factors and possible methods for preventing this side effect. The study also aims to present a clinical case of an osteopenic patient who used Bfs and underwent rehabilitation through implants according to specific protocols, which resulted in successful treatment.

Evaluation of bone availability for grafts in different donor sites, through computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the bone volume that can be safely withdrawn from 3 donor sites: (1) the mandibular symphysis, (2) the oblique mandibular line and (3) the skullcap. METHODOLOGY: For the symphysis, 200 tomographic exams were evaluated by the extension of the anterior loop of mental foramen, by the nerve, by the distance of the foramens, by the distance between the vestibular cortical and the lingual plates and by the distance between the apexes, or lower anterior teeth, and the mandibular base, using the "distance" tool of the I-CAT Vision, in the panoramic and parasagittal reformations. For the oblique line, 70 TCFC exams were analyzed retrospectively in panoramic and parasagittal reformations, evaluating the thickness of the vestibular cortical and the distance between the cortical and the mandibular canal. For the cranial bone, a hexagonal donor site located in parietal area was considered. RESULTS: The average dimensions of the bone blocks that can be safely removed from the region of the mandibular symphysis are: 32.27 mm in length, 4.87 mm in height and 4 mm in thickness, providing a volume of 628.61 mm3 available for grafting. In the oblique line, the available bone volume for grafting was 859.61 mm3. In the region of the cranial vault, multiplying the average bone thickness by the area of the hexagon, an average volume of 2,499 mm3 was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the donor sites, the bone availability in the cranial vault is 3 times greater than in the mandibular posterior region, and at least 2 times greater than in the mandibular symphysis.

Evaluation of bone availability for grafts in different donor sites, through computed tomography

Abstract Objective To quantify the bone volume that can be safely withdrawn from 3 donor sites: (1) the mandibular symphysis, (2) the oblique mandibular line and (3) the skullcap. Methodology For the symphysis, 200 tomographic exams were evaluated by the extension of the anterior loop of mental foramen, by the nerve, by the distance of the foramens, by the distance between the vestibular cortical and the lingual plates and by the distance between the apexes, or lower anterior teeth, and the mandibular base, using the "distance" tool of the I-CAT Vision, in the panoramic and parasagittal reformations. For the oblique line, 70 TCFC exams were analyzed retrospectively in panoramic and parasagittal reformations, evaluating the thickness of the vestibular cortical and the distance between the cortical and the mandibular canal. For the cranial bone, a hexagonal donor site located in parietal area was considered. Results The average dimensions of the bone blocks that can be safely removed from the region of the mandibular symphysis are: 32.27 mm in length, 4.87 mm in height and 4 mm in thickness, providing a volume of 628.61 mm3 available for grafting. In the oblique line, the available bone volume for grafting was 859.61 mm3. In the region of the cranial vault, multiplying the average bone thickness by the area of the hexagon, an average volume of 2,499 mm3 was obtained. Conclusions Comparing the donor sites, the bone availability in the cranial vault is 3 times greater than in the mandibular posterior region, and at least 2 times greater than in the mandibular symphysis.

Prevenção e manejo terapêutico da osteoradionecrose dos maxilares: revisão de literatura / Prevention and therapeutic management of osteoradionecrose of maxilars: literature review

O objetivo desse estudo foi revisar a literatura e enfatizar os aspectos relacionados ao manejo preventivo e terapêutico da osteorradionecrose dos maxilares. Realizou-se revisão bibliográfica não sistemática, descritiva e qualitativa nas plataformas de pesquisa Scielo, Pubmed e Medline, utilizando os descritores, osteoradionecrosis/osteoradionecrose e/ou radiotherapy/radioterapia e/ou jaw/arcada maxilares. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol ou português, pesquisas clínicas ou relatos de casos abordando tratamento com radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço e artigos publicados entre 1980-2018, excluindo da pesquisa trabalhos experimentais em animais, artigos publicados na forma de nota técnica ou carta ao editor e artigos baseados em opinião de especialistas. Baseando-se nos critérios de pesquisa, foram selecionados 56 artigos. A radioterapia é eficaz e amplamente utilizada como terapia nas neoplasias malignas de cabeça e pescoço, entretanto produz efeitos colaterais, sendo a osteorradionecrose uma das mais graves. Na maioria dos casos, progride lentamente, tornando-se extensa e dolorosa, suas manifestações tardias compreendem infecção e fratura óssea patológica. Nas últimas décadas, várias opções profiláticas ou terapêuticas foram consideradas no manejo da osteorradionecrose, sendo as mais relatadas: medidas de suporte, antibioticoterapia/antibioticoprofilaxia, pentoxifilina e tocoferol, oxigênio hiperbárico e ressecção cirúrgica com enxerto ósseo. A adequação do meio bucal e cirurgias orais antes de iniciar a radioterapiaainda é o tratamento ideal para prevenir a osteorradionecrose. A antibioticoterapia e/ou antibioticoprofilaxia sistêmica, anti-sépticos locais, pentoxifilina e tocoferol e oxigênio hiperbárico são os tratamentos mais relatados na literatura e que buscam minimizar a incidência da osteorradionecrose após procedimentos cirúrgicos odontológicos em pacientes submetidos a tratamentos de radioterapia(AU)

The purpose of this paper was to review the literature and to emphasize the aspects related to the preventive and therapeutic management of osteorradionecrosis of the jaws. Methods: A nonsystematic, descriptive and qualitative bibliographic review was performed on the Scielo, Pubmed and Medline research platforms, using the descriptors, osteoradionecrosis/osteoradionecrose and/or radiotherapy/radioterapia and/or jaw/maxilares. The inclusion criteria were: articles published in English, Spanish or Portuguese, clinical research or reports of cases approaching of treatment with head and neck radiotherapy and articles published between 1980- 2018, excluding from the research experimental study on animals, articles published in the form of technical note or letter to the editor and articles based on expert opinion. Results: Based on the search criteria, 56 articles were selected. Radiotherapy is effective and widely used as a therapy for malignant head and neck neoplasias, however it produces side effects, being osteoradionecrosis the most severe one. In most cases, it progresses slowly, becoming extensive and painful; its late manifestations comprise infection and pathological bone fracture. In the last decades, several prophylactic or therapeutic options have been considered in the management of osteoradionecrosis, being reported: supportive measures, antibiotic therapy/prophylaxis, pentoxifylline, tocopherol, hyperbaric oxygen and surgical resection with bone graft. Conclusion: The suitability of the oral cavity and oral surgery before starting the radiation therapy is still an ideal treatment to prevent osteoradionecrosis. Antibiotic therapy/prophylaxis, local antiseptics, pentoxifylline, tocopherol and hyperbaric oxygen are the most commonly reported treatments in the literature and seek to minimize the incidence of osteoradionecrosis after dental surgical procedures in patients undergoing radiation therapy(AU)

Tomographic late evaluation of xenogeneic bone grafts in sockets of impacted third molars.

OBJECTIVE: It is necessary to preserve height and thickness of the alveolar bone to facilitate rehabilitation with osteointegratable implants or simply to maintain bone integrity after extraction. Biomaterials associated with resorbable or non-resorbable membranes, when placed in the region of the socket, may contribute to avoid this unwanted reabsorption. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the distance of the crest of alveolar ridge to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the lower second molars and the bone density of the third molar socket filled with Gen-Tech®, 5 years after an exodontia using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to visualize the central region of the sockets, without overlapping of the buccal and lingual cortical bones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 12 individuals from an initial group of 39 patients submitted to extraction of the unruptured lower third molars and grafting of an association of inorganic bovine bone matrix, organic bovine bone matrix, collagen and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) (Gen-Tech®) on one side and the contralateral sockets filled only by clot, returned to control after 5 years, and were submitted to CBCT. The distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the CEJ and the bone density (BD) were measured using the i-CAT Vision Software. RESULTS: The results showed that the distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the CEJ in the control group was similar to that observed before the exodontia; in the experimental group, this distance was smaller. Considering the BD measurement, a significantly higher density was observed in the experimental group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Part of the biomaterial was not absorbed and allowed the stability of the evaluated parameters after 5 years, being able to be used as a bone substitute in the socket.

Radiographic study of mandibular third molars: evaluation of the position and root anatomy in Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVES: The root anatomy and position of mandibular third molars are important factors in assessing the level of difficulty of surgical removal procedures. In this light, this study aims to identify the most frequent position and the root anatomy of mandibular third molars. METHODS: The study sample comprised 1205 mandibular third molars from 710 panoramic radiographs evaluated. Regarding the position, all of them were based on Pell and Gregory's and Winter's classifications. The root anatomy was classified according to the type and number of roots, as well as the presence of laceration, fusion, or divergence. Gender and the quadrant were also considered. Following an interexaminer analysis, a statistical analysis was performed using the Kappa test. RESULTS: The results showed that the IA (40.3%) and mesioangular (53.8%) position was predominant in mandibular third molars. Regarding the anatomy, the most common were two roots (98.3%), of the conical simple type (88.9%), with absence of laceration (89.2%), divergence (84%), and fusion (80%). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the most prevalent mandibular third molar type in Brazilian patients was the IA and mesioangular position, with simple root anatomy. The result of this study can assist oral surgeons to better plan and assess the level of difficulty of surgical removal procedures.

Tomographic late evaluation of xenogeneic bone grafts in sockets of impacted third molars

Abstract It is necessary to preserve height and thickness of the alveolar bone to facilitate rehabilitation with osteointegratable implants or simply to maintain bone integrity after extraction. Biomaterials associated with resorbable or non-resorbable membranes, when placed in the region of the socket, may contribute to avoid this unwanted reabsorption. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the distance of the crest of alveolar ridge to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the lower second molars and the bone density of the third molar socket filled with Gen-Tech®, 5 years after an exodontia using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to visualize the central region of the sockets, without overlapping of the buccal and lingual cortical bones. Material and Methods A total of 12 individuals from an initial group of 39 patients submitted to extraction of the unruptured lower third molars and grafting of an association of inorganic bovine bone matrix, organic bovine bone matrix, collagen and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) (Gen-Tech®) on one side and the contralateral sockets filled only by clot, returned to control after 5 years, and were submitted to CBCT. The distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the CEJ and the bone density (BD) were measured using the i-CAT Vision Software. Results The results showed that the distance from the crest of alveolar bone to the CEJ in the control group was similar to that observed before the exodontia; in the experimental group, this distance was smaller. Considering the BD measurement, a significantly higher density was observed in the experimental group (p<0.05). Conclusion Part of the biomaterial was not absorbed and allowed the stability of the evaluated parameters after 5 years, being able to be used as a bone substitute in the socket.

Effects of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion on mandibular position: a three-dimensional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate three-dimensional changes in mandibular position after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out with tomographic records of 30 adult patients with maxillary transverse deficiency who underwent SARME. Cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained preoperatively (T1), after expansion (T2) and 6 months after expansion (T3). Mandibular landmarks were measured with respect to axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Clockwise rotation and lateral displacement of the mandible were observed immediately after SARME. However, mandibular displacements tended to return close to their initial values at T3. CONCLUSIONS: Clockwise rotation and lateral shift of the mandible are transient effects of SARME.

Estudo comparativo da distorção radiográfica de implantes osseointegráveis radiografados pela técnica periapical da bissetriz / Comparative study of radiographic distortion of osseointegrated implants radiographed by bisecting-angle periapical technique

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência de distorção em imagens obtidas por meio de radiografias periapicais pela técnica da bissetriz. Foram utilizadas 64 radiografias periapicais, padronizadas e digitalizadas, obtidas pela técnica periapical da bissetriz de pacientes submetidos à colocação de implantes. Após a obtenção das imagens, os implantes foram mensurados pelo método de medida digital por meio do programa ImageJ, em seu comprimento e em 3 medidas transversais ao longo de seu eixo. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T pareado. Evidenciou-se distorção de ampliação nas imagens obtidas, sendo maior na arcada superior do que na inferior. As maiores ampliações foram observadas no comprimento do implante, seguido pelo diâmetro da plataforma, diâmetro do corpo e diâmetro apical, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que há distorção importante nas imagens radiográficas obtidas pela técnica periapical da bissetriz, devendo existir o devido cuidado com tal técnica, já que essa discrepância de medida afeta o planejamento, o que pode ocasionar lesão de estruturas anatômicas importantes ou gerar engano na quantidade de possíveis perdas ósseas verticais e horizontais após a instalação do implante (AU).

This study aimed to verify the occurrence of distortion in images obtained by bisecting-angle periapical radiography. We used 64 periapical radiographs, standardized and digitalized, obtained by bisecting-angle periapical technique of patients undergoing implants insertion. After images obtainment, the implants were measured by digital measurement method through ImageJ program, in length and in three cross-cuting measures along its axis. The data were organized and statistically analyzed by paired T test. It was shown distortion of magnification in obtained images, being higher in superior arcade than in inferior. The higher magnifications were observed in length of the implant, followed by the platform diameter, body diameter, and apical diameter, respectively. It was concluded that the significant distortion in the radiographic images was taken by the bisecting-angle periapical technique and there should be proper care of such technique, since this discrepancy of measure affects the planning, which can cause injury to anatomical structures or generate major mistake in the amount of possible vertical and horizontal bone loss after installation of the implant (AU).

Comparative dimensional tomographic study of the mandibular condyle of individuals with transverse maxillary deficiency

Transverse maxillary deficiency is characterized by posterior uni or bilateral crossbite, crowded and rotated teeth, as well as high palate. Its treatment in adult individuals is surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of dimensional alterations in the mandibular condyles of patients with TMD submitted to surgically assisted maxillary expansion. Measurements of the mandibular condyles using the DISTANCE tool in cone beam computed tomography iCat software were performed. The values obtained were submitted to statistical analysis by the paired t-test and the results showed statistically significant dimensional reduction in the axial posterior-anterior lateral (-0.74mm), axial posterior-anterior lateral left (-0.90mm) and coronal medium right (-1.24mm) dimensions. The coronal inferior (1.13mm), coronal inferior left (1.78mm) and coronal superior-inferior right (0.76mm) measurements showed statistically significant dimensional increase. The results allowed us to conclude that dimensional alterations occurred in the mandibular condyles in individuals with maxillary transversal deficiency that underwent surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SAPE), which can be understood by remodeling, since they are characterized by dimensional increase or reduction, depending on the location where the measurement was performed (AU)

Morphological and histomorphometric evaluation of autogenous bone graft resorption in rabbits treated with alendronate sodium / Avaliação morfológica e histomorfométrica da reabsorção de enxertos ósseos autógenos em coelhos usuários de alendronato de sódio

Introduction: Different rates of resorption are mediated by osteoclasts that may be affected by bisphosphonates during bone graft repair. Bisphosphonates are drugs that act as inhibitors of bone resorption. Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the rate of resorption of skullcap grafts in rabbits with and without the use of alendronate sodium. Material and method: Thirty two New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups (control group and alendronate group) and divided again into four periods (7, 14, 30 and 60 days). The control group did not receive alendronate, while animals of the experimental group received 4 mg of alendronate sodium weekly after the surgery. An 8 mm diameter bone block was removed from the parietal bone and fixed by screws to the contralateral parietal bone. During the periods of 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, the animals had undergone euthanasia and samples were removed for further analysis. Morphological and histomorphometric tests were used to compare graft thicknesses and to evaluate the newly formed bone at the interface between the graft and receptor site. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analyses. Result: All grafts healed and integrated uneventfully and no statistically significant differences in resorption rates or bone deposition were detected after the final incorporation of the graft in both groups. Conclusion: Alendronate Sodium did not decrease the bone graft resorption rates, but there was a tendency for better results in the control group regarding the resorption and neoformation in autogenous calvarial bone grafts in rabbits.

Introdução: Durante o reparo de enxertos ósseos, diferentes taxas de reabsorção são mediadas pelos osteoclastos e podem ser afetadas pelos bisfosfonatos, que são drogas que agem como inibidores da reabsorção óssea. Objetivo: Avaliar a taxa de reabsorção dos enxertos ósseos de calota craniana de coelhos, com e sem o uso alendronato de sódio. Material e método: Trinta e dois coelhos Nova Zelândia foram divididos igualmente em 2 grupos (grupo controle e grupo alendronato de sódio) e subdivididos em 4 períodos (7, 14, 30 e 60 dias). O grupo controle não recebeu alendronato, enquanto os animais do grupo experimental receberam 4 mg de alendronato de sódio por semana, em dose única, após a cirurgia. Um bloco de osso de diâmetro de 8 mm foi retirado o osso parietal e fixado com parafuso no osso parietal contralateral. Após cirurgia, nos períodos de 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados e as peças removidas para análise. Análises morfológica e histomorfométrica foram utilizados para comparar a espessura do enxerto e para avaliar a interface de osso recém formado entre o enxerto ósseo e o sítio receptor. Os testes de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para as análises estatísticas. Resultado: Todos os enxertos repararam e integraram sem intercorrências; não foram detectadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas taxas de reabsorção ou deposição óssea, após a incorporação final do enxerto em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: Alendronato de sódio parece não diminuir a taxa de reabsorção, porém houve uma tendência de resultados melhores no grupo controle tanto na reabsorção quanto na neoformação óssea em enxertos ósseos autógenos de calota craniana de coelhos.

Enxerto ósseo mandibular, complicações associadas às áreas doadoras e receptoras, e sobrevivência de implantes dentários: um estudo retrospectivo / Mandibular bone graft, complications associated the donor and recipient areas and survival dental implants: a retrospective study

Introdução: Enxertos ósseos retirados da sínfise ou do ramo mandibular podem ser empregados para reconstrução de defeitos localizados dos maxilares, para permitir a instalação adequada de implantes dentários. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de complicações associadas com as áreas doadoras e receptoras de enxerto ósseo mandibular, e a sobrevivência de implantes dentários instalados nesses sítios reconstruídos. Material e método: Avaliaram-se 730 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a tratamento com implantes dentários. Desse universo, 72 pacientes, de ambos os gêneros, foram submetidos à reconstrução óssea com enxerto retirado da sínfise ou do ramo mandibular. Resultado: Foram observadas 13 complicações e não houve diferença estatística significante quanto à ocorrência de complicações das áreas doadoras e receptoras, e da sobrevivência de implantes dentários instalados nos sítios reconstruídos com enxerto ósseo mandibular. Conclusão: Os enxertos ósseos mandibulares permitem a reconstrução de defeitos localizados dos maxilares e não são fatores de risco para a falha de implantes dentários.

Introduction: Grafts bone removed of the symphysis or mandibular ramus can be used for reconstruction located defect jaws to allow adequate installation of dental implants. Objective: This study aims evaluate the occurrence of complications associated with donor and receptor sites of mandibular bone graft and survival of dental implants these reconstructed sites. Material and method: Evaluated seven hundred thirty records of patients submitted treatment with dental implants. This universe, seventy-two patients of both genders, was submitted bone reconstruction with graft removed from the symphysis or the mandibular ramus. Result: Thirteen complications were observed and there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of complications of donor and recipient areas and survival of dental implants installed in sites reconstruction with mandibular bone graft. Conclusion: The mandibular bone grafts allow the reconstruction of defects located in jaws and don't risk factors for failure of dental implants.

Evaluation of opening pattern and bone neoformation at median palatal suture area in patients submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) through cone beam computed tomography.

Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) is the treatment of choice to adult patients even with severe transversal maxillary discrepancies. However, the adequate retention period to achieve the bone remodeling, thus assuring treatment stability, is controversial.Objective To evaluate the opening pattern and bone neoformation process at the midpalatal suture in patients submitted to surgically assisted (SARME) through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and Methods Fourteen patients were submitted to SARME through subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy. Both the opening pattern and the mean bone density at midpalatal suture area to evaluate bone formation were assessed pre- and post-operatively (15, 60 and 180 days) through CBCT.Results Type I opening pattern (from anterior to posterior nasal spine) occurred in 12 subjects while type II opening pattern (from anterior nasal spine to transverse palatine suture) occurred in 2 individuals. The 180-day postoperative mean (PO 180) of bone density value was 49.9% of the preoperative mean (Pre) value.Conclusions The opening pattern of midpalatal suture is more related to patients' age (23.9 years in type I and 33.5 years in type II) and surgical technique. It was not possible to observe complete bone formation at midpalatal suture area at the ending of the retention period studied (180 days).

Evaluation of opening pattern and bone neoformation at median palatal suture area in patients submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) through cone beam computed tomography

AbstractSurgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) is the treatment of choice to adult patients even with severe transversal maxillary discrepancies. However, the adequate retention period to achieve the bone remodeling, thus assuring treatment stability, is controversial.Objective To evaluate the opening pattern and bone neoformation process at the midpalatal suture in patients submitted to surgically assisted (SARME) through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and Methods Fourteen patients were submitted to SARME through subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy. Both the opening pattern and the mean bone density at midpalatal suture area to evaluate bone formation were assessed pre- and post-operatively (15, 60 and 180 days) through CBCT.Results Type I opening pattern (from anterior to posterior nasal spine) occurred in 12 subjects while type II opening pattern (from anterior nasal spine to transverse palatine suture) occurred in 2 individuals. The 180-day postoperative mean (PO 180) of bone density value was 49.9% of the preoperative mean (Pre) value.Conclusions The opening pattern of midpalatal suture is more related to patients’ age (23.9 years in type I and 33.5 years in type II) and surgical technique. It was not possible to observe complete bone formation at midpalatal suture area at the ending of the retention period studied (180 days).

Symptomatic mucous retention cysts of the maxillary sinus: case report

The retention mucous cyst of the maxillary sinus is a benign lesion that occurs in the interior of the maxillary sinus due ductal obstruction. In the majority of the cases it is asymptomatic, and discovered on routine radiographic examinations. However, in some cases, this cyst can become large and cause symptoms as paresthesia, sensitivity to palpation, chronic headache, nasal blockage, and dizziness. Conservative treatment is conduct in most cases. Symptomatic retention cysts are treated by enucleation or curettage. Objective and case report: This study aimed to report a clinical case of symptomatic mucous retention cyst accidentally discovered in a patient treated by surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion. Conclusion: The curettage of the cyst allowed for the regression of symptoms and at 12 months postoperatively the patient is free of symptoms and no signs of recurrence of lesion were noted.

Computerized cephalometric study of the pharyngeal airway space in patients submitted to orthognathic surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Pharynx is a muscular organ with is sustained by craniofacial bones. It is divided into nasal, oral and hipopharynx, and can be considered as a tube that serves both respiratory and digestive systems. Its anatomical morphology permits that factors facilitate its obstruction, leading to the sleep apnea syndrome. One of the treatment consists of surgical mandibular advancement, increasing pharyngeal dimensions. The aim of this study was evaluate the cephalometric changes in the pharyngeal airway space after orthognathic surgery procedures for correction of mandibular prognathism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre and post-operative cephalometric analysis was performed on 19 patients submitted to mandibular setback by mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy associated with maxillary advancement by Le Fort I osteotomy, using the Dolphin Imaging 10.0 software. RESULTS: Results did not reveal statistically significant changes in the upper (nasopharyngeal), middle (oropharyngeal) and lower (hypopharyngeal) airway spaces, but showed increase in the nasal pharynx due the maxillary advancement and a lower position of the hyoid bone due the mandibular setback. DISCUSSION: Maxillomandibular orthognathic surgery for correction of mandibular prognathism does not seem to statistically significantly change the pharyngeal airway space, but it increases the maxillary airway. CONCLUSION: It seems to be important to consider the double jaw surgery in cases of mandibular prognathism, aiming prevention of a possible reduction of whole upper airway.